References

Here are the sources referenced throughout the Redlining Reimagined storymap:

  1. Oron, G. (2024) Undoing Seattle’s spatialized apartheid, Real Change News. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  2. Rothstein, R. (2017) The Color of Law. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation.
  3. Nelson, R.K. (no date) Mapping Inequality Introduction. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  4. Rothstein, R. (2017) The Color of Law. New York: Liveright Publishing Corporation. pp. 93-96
  5. Gregory, J. (no date) Understanding Restrictive Covenants - Racial Restrictive Covenants Project. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  6. Rochester, J. (2001) Seattle Neighborhoods: Laurelhurst -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org, History Link. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  7. Pulkkinen, L. (2015) Seattle’s Central District through the years, Seattle Pi. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  8. Henry, M.T. (2001) Seattle Neighborhoods: Central Area -- Thumbnail History - HistoryLink.org, History Link. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  9. Federal Housing Administration (1938). Underwriting Manual. (Accessed: 18 May 2025)
  10. Honig, D. (2021) Redlining, Racial Covenants, and Housing Discrimination in Seattle, History Link. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  11. Wilma, D. (2001) First sit-in of the civil rights movement in Seattle occurs on July 1, History Link. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  12. Wilma, D. (2001) First sit-in arrests of Seattle’s civil rights movement occur on July 25, 1963. - HistoryLink.org, History Link. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  13. Audio clips and transcripts from Committee of the Whole hearing regarding open housing (October 25, 1963) - CityArchives | seattle.gov (no date) Seattle.gov. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  14. Seattle Open Housing Campaign Digital Document Library - CityArchives | seattle.gov (no date) Seattle.gov. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  15. ‘John Hurst Adams’ (no date) Brogdon Family Foundation. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  16. ‘Liberty Bank’ (no date) Liberty Bank Building. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  17. Pien, D. (2018) ‘Liberty Bank Seattle Washington (1968-1988) and Liberty Bank Building’, BlackPast.org, 3 July. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  18. Diltz, C. (2016) From the archives: Liberty Bank, Seattle’s first black-owned bank, opens in the Central District in 1968, The Seattle Times. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  19. Civil Rights Timeline - CityArchives | seattle.gov (no date) Seattle.gov. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  20. Central Seattle Community Council Federation (1975). Redlining and Disinvestment in Central Seattle. (Accessed: 18 May 2025)
  21. Redlining in Seattle - CityArchives | seattle.gov (no date) Seattle.gov. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  22. ‘Redlining and Wealth Loss: Measuring the Impacts of Racist Housing Practices in King County, WA’ (no date) ECOnorthwest. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  23. Burke, L.M. and Schwalbach, J. (2021) Housing Redlining and Its Lingering Effects on Education Opportunity. Backgrounder. No. 3594. Heritage Foundation. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  24. Lathan, N. (2023) 50 years after being outlawed, redlining still drives neighborhood health inequities, UC Berkeley Public Health. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  25. Racial and Social Equity Composite Index Current (no date). (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  26. City of Seattle (2023). Racial and Social Equity Index Users’ Guide. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  27. Jagana, M. (2021) Redlining and Disinvestment: A Case Study on Racial Segregation and Gentrification Throughout Seattle’s Central District, Harvard Law School | Systemic Justice Project. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  28. ‘What Are Gentrification and Displacement – Urban Displacement’ (no date). (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  29. Balk, G. (2019) Seattle is the third most gentrifying U.S. city — but that might not be as bad as you think, study finds, The Seattle Times. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  30. Gentrification is Underway in Rainier Valley – Puget Sound Sage (no date). (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  31. Rising Rents & Gentrification Threaten Equitable Economic Growth in Rainier Valley – Puget Sound Sage (no date). (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  32. Jackson, R. (2018) The Displacement Tax: An update from gentrification ground zero — Rainier Beach. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  33. Engelson, A. (2022) ‘Rainier Beach Strives for Growth without Displacement - The Urbanist’, 4 April. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).
  34. Abrams, A. (2024) ‘How Seattle’s Black Home Initiative Is Addressing Affordability and Inequity’, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 20 February. (Accessed: 18 May 2025).

Map Data

The following sources are where I obtained my map data from: